The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Coastal Ecosystems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35335/jiph.v12i3.9Keywords:
Climate Change, Biodiversity, Coastal Ecosystems, Impact Assessment, Conservation StrategiesAbstract
Climate change represents one of the most pressing challenges of our time, with far-reaching consequences for ecosystems worldwide. Coastal ecosystems, in particular, stand at the forefront of this crisis, bearing the brunt of rising temperatures, sea-level rise, and extreme weather events. This research delves into the intricate relationship between climate change and the biodiversity of coastal ecosystems, aiming to elucidate the extent of the impact and the pathways through which it manifests. Through a multidisciplinary approach that encompasses extensive field surveys, rigorous laboratory analyses, climate modeling, and geospatial mapping, this study paints a comprehensive picture of the vulnerabilities and adaptations of coastal ecosystems to a changing climate. Key findings include shifts in species distribution, alterations in community structures, and heightened risks to species and habitats that are highly specialized and reliant on stable coastal environments. The research identifies specific climate change impact zones, which serve as focal points for conservation efforts, mitigation strategies, and adaptive management. These zones are not only ecologically significant but also socioeconomically vital, as they support coastal communities dependent on these ecosystems for their livelihoods and sustenance. This study underscores the urgency of international collaboration to combat climate change and preserve coastal biodiversity. It advocates for policy initiatives that prioritize emissions reduction, resilient coastal infrastructure, and the expansion of marine protected areas. Additionally, it emphasizes the integration of local knowledge and community engagement in conservation and adaptation planning. Ultimately, this research offers a profound insight into the complex web of life that thrives within coastal ecosystems and the imperative of their protection. Coastal ecosystems are more than biodiversity hotspots; they are essential providers of ecosystem services that underpin human well-being. Preserving their integrity is not just an ecological imperative but a moral one, as they are a critical component of our planet's natural heritage. In conclusion, this research not only contributes to the scientific understanding of climate change impacts on coastal ecosystems but also calls for immediate and concerted action. By heeding the lessons learned in this study, we can work together to mitigate climate change, adapt to its inevitable consequences, and safeguard the rich tapestry of life that depends on these coastal environments.
References
Armitage, A. R., & Fourqurean, J. W. (2009). Stable isotopes reveal complex changes in trophic relationships following nutrient addition in a coastal marine ecosystem. Estuaries and Coasts, 32, 1152–1164.
ARROYO, M. K. T., DIRZO, R., & CASTILLAS, J. C. (n.d.). DEVELOPING REGIONAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS IN PRIORITY AREAS FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN.
Beatley, T. (1991). Protecting biodiversity in coastal environments: introduction and overview. Coastal Management, 19(1), 1–19.
Board, O. S., & Council, N. R. (2006). Dynamic changes in marine ecosystems: fishing, food webs, and future options. National Academies Press.
Burkett, V., & Davidson, M. (2012). Coastal impacts, adaptation, and vulnerabilities. Springer.
Chapin Iii, F. S., Zavaleta, E. S., Eviner, V. T., Naylor, R. L., Vitousek, P. M., Reynolds, H. L., Hooper, D. U., Lavorel, S., Sala, O. E., & Hobbie, S. E. (2000). Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature, 405(6783), 234–242.
Coll, M., Santojanni, A., Palomera, I., & Arneri, E. (2009). Food-web changes in the Adriatic Sea over the last three decades. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 381, 17–37.
Djouder, F., & Boutiba, M. (2017). Vulnerability assessment of coastal areas to sea level rise from the physical and socioeconomic parameters: case of the Gulf Coast of Bejaia, Algeria. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10, 1–20.
Gervais, C. R., Champion, C., & Pecl, G. T. (2021). Species on the move around the Australian coastline: A continental‐scale review of climate‐driven species redistribution in marine systems. Global Change Biology, 27(14), 3200–3217.
Gulland, F. M. D., Baker, J. D., Howe, M., LaBrecque, E., Leach, L., Moore, S. E., Reeves, R. R., & Thomas, P. O. (n.d.). Climate Change Ecology. Arctic, 158, 159.
Harley, C. D. G., Randall Hughes, A., Hultgren, K. M., Miner, B. G., Sorte, C. J. B., Thornber, C. S., Rodriguez, L. F., Tomanek, L., & Williams, S. L. (2006). The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems. Ecology Letters, 9(2), 228–241.
Islam, M. S., & Tanaka, M. (2004). Impacts of pollution on coastal and marine ecosystems including coastal and marine fisheries and approach for management: a review and synthesis. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48(7–8), 624–649.
Kammann, C., Ratering, S., Eckhard, C., & Müller, C. (2012). Biochar and hydrochar effects on greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane) fluxes from soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41(4), 1052–1066.
Karl, T. R., Melillo, J. M., & Peterson, T. C. (2009). Global climate change impacts in the United States: a state of knowledge report from the US Global Change Research Program. Cambridge University Press.
Lau, W. W. Y. (2013). Beyond carbon: conceptualizing payments for ecosystem services in blue forests on carbon and other marine and coastal ecosystem services. Ocean & Coastal Management, 83, 5–14.
Leadley, P. (2010). Biodiversity scenarios: projections of 21st century change in biodiversity, and associated ecosystem services: a technical report for the global biodiversity outlook 3 (Issue 50). UNEP/Earthprint.
Manes, S., Costello, M. J., Beckett, H., Debnath, A., Devenish-Nelson, E., Grey, K.-A., Jenkins, R., Khan, T. M., Kiessling, W., & Krause, C. (2021). Endemism increases species’ climate change risk in areas of global biodiversity importance. Biological Conservation, 257, 109070.
NASA, I. C. O. F. (n.d.). Co-convened by The Simons Foundation and the School for International Studies, Simon Fraser University.
Nellemann, C., & Hain, S. (2008). In dead water: merging of climate change with pollution, over-harvest, and infestations in the world’s fishing grounds. UNEP/Earthprint.
Osland, M. J., Enwright, N. M., Day, R. H., Gabler, C. A., Stagg, C. L., & Grace, J. B. (2016). Beyond just sea‐level rise: Considering macroclimatic drivers within coastal wetland vulnerability assessments to climate change. Global Change Biology, 22(1), 1–11.
Papageorgiou, M. (2016). Coastal and marine tourism: A challenging factor in Marine Spatial Planning. Ocean & Coastal Management, 129, 44–48.
Pecl, G. T., Araújo, M. B., Bell, J. D., Blanchard, J., Bonebrake, T. C., Chen, I.-C., Clark, T. D., Colwell, R. K., Danielsen, F., & Evengård, B. (2017). Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Science, 355(6332), eaai9214.
Pörtner, H.-O., Scholes, R. J., Agard, J., Archer, E., Arneth, A., Bai, X., Barnes, D., Burrows, M., Chan, L., & Cheung, W. L. (2021). IPBES-IPCC co-sponsored workshop report on biodiversity and climate change. IPBES and IPCC, 10.
Pratchett, M. S., Munday, P. L., Graham, N. A. J., Kronen, M., Pinca, S., Friedman, K., Brewer, T. D., Bell, J. D., Wilson, S. K., & Cinner, J. E. (2011). Vulnerability of coastal fisheries in the tropical Pacific to climate change. Fisheries, 6, 167–185.
Rogerson, C. M. (2018). Tourism-led local economic development: The South African experience. In Local Economic Development in the Changing World (pp. 297–320). Routledge.
Sandifer, P. A., & Sutton‐Grier, A. E. (2014). Connecting stressors, ocean ecosystem services, and human health. Natural Resources Forum, 38(3), 157–167.
Small, C., & Naumann, T. (2001). The global distribution of human population and recent volcanism. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 3(3), 93–109.
Spalding, M. D., Ruffo, S., Lacambra, C., Meliane, I., Hale, L. Z., Shepard, C. C., & Beck, M. W. (2014). The role of ecosystems in coastal protection: Adapting to climate change and coastal hazards. Ocean & Coastal Management, 90, 50–57.
Vierros, M. (2017). Communities and blue carbon: the role of traditional management systems in providing benefits for carbon storage, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods. Climatic Change, 140(1), 89–100.
Villarin, J. T., Algo, J. L., Cinco, T. A., Cruz, F. T., de Guzman, R. G., Narisma, G. T., Hilario, F. B., Ortiz, A., Siringan, F. P., & Tibig, L. V. (2016). 2016 Philippine Climate Change Assessment (PhilCCA): The Physical Science Basis.
Walker, D. I., & Kendrick, G. A. (1998). Threats to macroalgal diversity: marine habitat destruction and fragmentation, pollution and introduced species.
Ward, N. D., Megonigal, J. P., Bond-Lamberty, B., Bailey, V. L., Butman, D., Canuel, E. A., Diefenderfer, H., Ganju, N. K., Goñi, M. A., & Graham, E. B. (2020). Representing the function and sensitivity of coastal interfaces in Earth system models. Nature Communications, 11(1), 2458.
United Nations Development Programme. "Fighting climate change: human solidarity in a divided world." Human Development Report 2007/2008: Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. 1-18.
Waycott, M., Duarte, C. M., Carruthers, T. J., Orth, R. J., Dennison, W. C., Olyarnik, S., ... & Williams, S. L. (2009). Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 106(30), 12377-12381.
Sandifer, Paul A., and Ariana E. Sutton‐Grier. "Connecting stressors, ocean ecosystem services, and human health." Natural Re-sources Forum. Vol. 38. No. 3. 2014.
Gervais, Connor R., Curtis Champion, and Gretta T. Pecl. "Species on the move around the Australian coastline: A continental‐scale review of climate‐driven species redistribution in marine systems." Global change biology 27.14 (2021): 3200-3217.
Testa, J. M., Murphy, R. R., Brady, D. C., & Kemp, W. M. (2018). Nutrient-and climate-induced shifts in the phenology of linked biogeochemical cycles in a temperate estuary. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, 114.
Gervais, Connor R., Curtis Champion, and Gretta T. Pecl. "Species on the move around the Australian coastline: A continental‐scale review of climate‐driven species redistribution in marine systems." Global change biology 27.14 (2021): 3200-3217.
Masson-Delmotte, V. P., et al. "Ipcc, 2021: Summary for policymakers. in: Climate change 2021: The physical science basis. contri-bution of working group i to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change." (2021).
Selig, Elizabeth R., and John F. Bruno. "A global analysis of the effectiveness of marine protected areas in preventing coral loss." PLos one 5.2 (2010): e9278.
Parmesan, Camille, and Gary Yohe. "A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural sys-tems." nature 421.6918 (2003): 37-42.
Duarte, Carlos M., et al. "Is ocean acidification an open-ocean syndrome? Understanding anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH." Estuaries and Coasts 36 (2013): 221-236.
Doney, Scott C., et al. "Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems." Annual review of marine science 4 (2012): 11-37.
HALPERN, Benjamin S., et al. A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems. science, 2008, 319.5865: 948-952.
Lotze, H. K., Lenihan, H. S., Bourque, B. J., Bradbury, R. H., Cooke, R. G., Kay, M. C., ... & Jackson, J. B. (2006). Depletion, degra-dation, and recovery potential of estuaries and coastal seas. Science, 312(5781), 1806-1809.
Arafeh-Dalmau, Nur, et al. "Extreme marine heatwaves alter kelp forest community near its equatorward distribution lim-it." Frontiers in Marine Science 6 (2019): 499.
Thrush, Simon F., and Paul K. Dayton. "Disturbance to marine benthic habitats by trawling and dredging: implications for marine biodiversity." Annual review of ecology and systematics 33.1 (2002): 449-473.
McClanahan, Timothy R., et al. "Large geographic variability in the resistance of corals to thermal stress." Global Ecology and Bio-geography 29.12 (2020): 2229-2247.
Change, Intergovernmental Panel On Climate. "Ipcc." Climate change (2014).
Assessment, Millennium Ecosystem. Millennium ecosystem assessment. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2001.
Phinney, JonathanT, ed. Coral reefs and climate change: science and management. Vol. 61. American Geophysical Union, 2006.
Birch, Eugenie L. "A Review of “Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability” and “Climate Change 2014: Mit-igation of Climate Change” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.(2014).(Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. 2,621 pages. Available online at http://ipcc-wg2. gov/AR5/report/final-drafts/; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.(2014).(Contribution of Working Group III to the ...." (2014): 184-185.
Acidification, Ocean. "A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean." (2010).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Fourqurean Beatley Santojanni, Howe Miner, Hain Hain, Graham Sutton
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
